Чем известен пушкин кратко на английском
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Биография Александра Сергеевича Пушкина на английском
Alexander Pushkin Biography
He was a Russian poet, short-story writer, novelist, and dramatist commonly considered as Russia’s greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature. Born into an aristocratic family, Pushkin attended school at the prestigious Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo from 1811-1817.
He published his first poem at the age of 15.
In 1817 Pushkin accepted a post in the foreign office at St. Petersburg.
His first major work was the poem Ruslan and Ludmila. His political verses associated him with the Decembrist revolt, causing him to be banished in 1820.
In Mikhailovskoe he writes the chapters of Eugene Onegin and his historical tragedy Boris Godunov, which was not published until 1831. The year after the 1825 Decembrist Revolt, in which several of Pushkin’s friends were involved, Pushkin was pardoned by Tsar Nicholas I and allowed to return to Moscow.
In 1831 Pushkin married Natalya Nikolayevna Goncharova and settled in St. Petersburg.
Among Pushkin’s most characteristic features were his wide knowledge of world literature, as seen in his interest in such English writers as William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Sir Walter Scott, and the Lake poets.
In 1837, Pushkin was mortally wounded defending his wife’s honour in a duel with d’Anthès. The duel took place on 27 January at the Black River. He died two days later, on 29 January at aged 37.
Alexander Pushkin was buried on the territory of the monastery Svyatogorsk Pskov province beside his mother.
Перевод
Он был русским поэтом, автором коротких рассказов, романистом и драматургом, широко известный как величайший поэт России и основатель современной русской литературы. Родившись в аристократической семье, Пушкин посещал школу в престижном Императорском лицее при Царском Селе с 1811 по 1817 годы.
Свое первое стихотворение он опубликовал в возрасте 15 лет.
В 1817 году Пушкин принял должность в Коллегии иностранных дел в Петербурге.
Его первой крупной работой была поэма «Руслан и Людмила». В 1820 году его ссылают в ссылку за его политические стихи которые были связаны с восстанием декабристов.
В Михайловском Пушкин пишет главы романа «Евгений Онегин» и его историческую трагедию «Борис Годунов», которая не была опубликована до 1831 года. Через год после восстания декабристов 1825 года, в которое были вовлечены несколько друзей Пушкина, Пушкин был помилован царем Николаем I и позволил вернуться в Москву.
В 1831 году Пушкин женился на Наталье Николаевне Гончаровой и поселился в Петербурге.
Среди наиболее характерных черт Пушкина были его широкие познания в мировой литературе, о чем свидетельствуют его интерес к таким английским писателям, как Уильям Шекспир, лорд Байрон, сэр Уолтер Скотт и поэты из Лейка.
В 1837 году Пушкин был смертельно ранен, защищая честь своей жены в поединке с Ж. Дантесом. Дуэль состоялась 27 января на Черной речке. Умер два дня спустя, 29 января в возрасте 37 лет.
Александр Пушкин был похоронен на территории монастыря Святогорск Псковской губернии рядом с матерью.
Aleksandr Pushkin
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Aleksandr Pushkin, in full Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, (born May 26 [June 6, New Style], 1799, Moscow, Russia—died January 29 [February 10], 1837, St. Petersburg), Russian poet, novelist, dramatist, and short-story writer; he has often been considered his country’s greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
The early years
Pushkin’s father came of an old boyar family; his mother was a granddaughter of Abram Hannibal, who, according to family tradition, was an Abyssinian princeling bought as a slave at Constantinople (Istanbul) and adopted by Peter the Great, whose comrade in arms he became. Pushkin immortalized him in an unfinished historical novel, Arap Petra Velikogo (1827; The Negro of Peter the Great). Like many aristocratic families in early 19th-century Russia, Pushkin’s parents adopted French culture, and he and his brother and sister learned to talk and to read in French. They were left much to the care of their maternal grandmother, who told Aleksandr, especially, stories of his ancestors in Russian. From Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva, his old nurse, a freed serf (immortalized as Tatyana’s nurse in Yevgeny Onegin), he heard Russian folktales. During summers at his grandmother’s estate near Moscow he talked to the peasants and spent hours alone, living in the dream world of a precocious, imaginative child. He read widely in his father’s library and gained stimulus from the literary guests who came to the house.
In 1811 Pushkin entered the newly founded Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo (later renamed Pushkin) and while there began his literary career with the publication (1814, in Vestnik Evropy, “The Messenger of Europe”) of his verse epistle “To My Friend, the Poet.” In his early verse, he followed the style of his older contemporaries, the Romantic poets K.N. Batyushkov and V.A. Zhukovsky, and of the French 17th- and 18th-century poets, especially the Vicomte de Parny.
While at the Lyceum he also began his first completed major work, the romantic poem Ruslan i Lyudmila (1820; Ruslan and Ludmila), written in the style of the narrative poems of Ludovico Ariosto and Voltaire but with an old Russian setting and making use of Russian folklore. Ruslan, modeled on the traditional Russian epic hero, encounters various adventures before rescuing his bride, Ludmila, daughter of Vladimir, grand prince of Kiev, who, on her wedding night, has been kidnapped by the evil magician Chernomor. The poem flouted accepted rules and genres and was violently attacked by both of the established literary schools of the day, Classicism and Sentimentalism. It brought Pushkin fame, however, and Zhukovsky presented his portrait to the poet with the inscription “To the victorious pupil from the defeated master.”
St. Petersburg
In 1817 Pushkin accepted a post in the foreign office at St. Petersburg, where he was elected to Arzamás, an exclusive literary circle founded by his uncle’s friends. Pushkin also joined the Green Lamp association, which, though founded (in 1818) for discussion of literature and history, became a clandestine branch of a secret society, the Union of Welfare. In his political verses and epigrams, widely circulated in manuscript, he made himself the spokesman for the ideas and aspirations of those who were to take part in the Decembrist rising of 1825, the unsuccessful culmination of a Russian revolutionary movement in its earliest stage.
Exile in the south
For these political poems, Pushkin was banished from St. Petersburg in May 1820 to a remote southern province. Sent first to Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine), he was there taken ill and, while convalescing, traveled in the northern Caucasus and later to Crimea with General Rayevski, a hero of 1812, and his family. The impressions he gained provided material for his “southern cycle” of romantic narrative poems: Kavkazsky plennik (1820–21; The Prisoner of the Caucasus), Bratya razboyniki (1821–22; The Robber Brothers), and Bakhchisaraysky fontan (1823; The Fountain of Bakhchisaray).
Although this cycle of poems confirmed the reputation of the author of Ruslan and Ludmila and Pushkin was hailed as the leading Russian poet of the day and as the leader of the romantic, liberty-loving generation of the 1820s, he himself was not satisfied with it. In May 1823 he started work on his central masterpiece, the novel in verse Yevgeny Onegin (1833), on which he continued to work intermittently until 1831. In it he returned to the idea of presenting a typical figure of his own age but in a wider setting and by means of new artistic methods and techniques.
Yevgeny Onegin unfolds a panoramic picture of Russian life. The characters it depicts and immortalizes—Onegin, the disenchanted skeptic; Lensky, the romantic, freedom-loving poet; and Tatyana, the heroine, a profoundly affectionate study of Russian womanhood: a “precious ideal,” in the poet’s own words—are typically Russian and are shown in relationship to the social and environmental forces by which they are molded. Although formally the work resembles Lord Byron’s Don Juan, Pushkin rejects Byron’s subjective, romanticized treatment in favour of objective description and shows his hero not in exotic surroundings but at the heart of a Russian way of life. Thus, the action begins at St. Petersburg, continues on a provincial estate, then switches to Moscow, and finally returns to St. Petersburg.
Pushkin had meanwhile been transferred first to Kishinyov (1820–23; now Chişinău, Moldova) and then to Odessa (1823–24). His bitterness at continued exile is expressed in letters to his friends—the first of a collection of correspondence that became an outstanding and enduring monument of Russian prose. At Kishinyov, a remote outpost in Moldavia, he devoted much time to writing, though he also plunged into the life of a society engaged in amorous intrigue, hard drinking, gaming, and violence. At Odessa he fell passionately in love with the wife of his superior, Count Vorontsov, governor-general of the province. He fought several duels, and eventually the count asked for his discharge. Pushkin, in a letter to a friend intercepted by the police, had stated that he was now taking “lessons in pure atheism.” This finally led to his being again exiled to his mother’s estate of Mikhaylovskoye, near Pskov, at the other end of Russia.
At Mikhaylovskoye
Although the two years at Mikhaylovskoye were unhappy for Pushkin, they were to prove one of his most productive periods. Alone and isolated, he embarked on a close study of Russian history; he came to know the peasants on the estate and interested himself in noting folktales and songs. During this period the specifically Russian features of his poetry became steadily more marked. His ballad “Zhenikh” (1825; “ The Bridegroom”), for instance, is based on motifs from Russian folklore; and its simple, swift-moving style, quite different from the brilliant extravagance of Ruslan and Ludmila or the romantic, melodious music of the “southern” poems, emphasizes its stark tragedy.
In 1824 he published Tsygany ( The Gypsies), begun earlier as part of the “southern cycle.” At Mikhaylovskoye, too, he wrote the provincial chapters of Yevgeny Onegin; the poem Graf Nulin (1827; “Count Nulin”), based on the life of the rural gentry; and, finally, one of his major works, the historical tragedy Boris Godunov (1831).
The latter marks a break with the Neoclassicism of the French theatre and is constructed on the “folk-principles” of William Shakespeare’s plays, especially the histories and tragedies, plays written “for the people” in the widest sense and thus universal in their appeal. Written just before the Decembrist rising, it treats the burning question of the relations between the ruling classes, headed by the tsar, and the masses; it is the moral and political significance of the latter, “the judgment of the people,” that Pushkin emphasizes. Set in Russia in a period of political and social chaos on the brink of the 17th century, its theme is the tragic guilt and inexorable fate of a great hero—Boris Godunov, son-in-law of Malyuta Skuratov, a favourite of Ivan the Terrible, and here presented as the murderer of Ivan’s little son, Dmitri. The development of the action on two planes, one political and historical, the other psychological, is masterly and is set against a background of turbulent events and ruthless ambitions. The play owes much to Pushkin’s reading of early Russian annals and chronicles, as well as to Shakespeare, who, as Pushkin said, was his master in bold, free treatment of character, simplicity, and truth to nature. Although lacking the heightened, poetic passion of Shakespeare’s tragedies, Boris excels in the “convincingness of situation and naturalness of dialogue” at which Pushkin aimed, sometimes using conversational prose, sometimes a five-foot iambic line of great flexibility. The character of the pretender, the false Dmitri, is subtly and sympathetically drawn; and the power of the people, who eventually bring him to the throne, is so greatly emphasized that the play’s publication was delayed by censorship. Pushkin’s ability to create psychological and dramatic unity, despite the episodic construction, and to heighten the dramatic tension by economy of language, detail, and characterization make this outstanding play a revolutionary event in the history of Russian drama.
Тема / Топик по английскому языку:
Pushkin
Pushkin is the most important Russian writer of all time, like Shakespeare in England or Dante in Italy. Pushkin provided the standards for Russian arts and literature in the 19th century.
Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799 into an upper-class family. In 1811 he entered a tyceum at Tsarskoye Selo. The education offered at the lyceum shaped Pushkin’s life.
He graduated from the lyceum in 1817 and began to work in the foreign office in St. Petersburg.
In 1820 the foreign office transferred Pushkin to Ekaterinoslav, and later to Odessa for writing anti-tsarist poetry. In 1824, for his letters against the tsar, he was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. In 1824, Tsar Nicholas I allowed Pushkin to return to Moscow.
Pushkin felt in love with Natalya Goncharova, who was 16 then, and in 1830 they got married. His wife was suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d’Antes; this became the subject of gossip. Pushkin challenged d’Antes to a duel. Pushkin was wounded and died two days later.
Pushkin was Russia’s greatest poet. In his w orks he was first influenced by 18th century poets, and then by Lord Byron. Finally he developed his own style, which was realistic but classical in form.
His earliest long poem was the romantic «Ruslan and Lyudmila» (1818-1820). A series of verse tales followed — «The Prisoner of the Caucasus», «The Robber Brothers», «The Fountain of Bakhchisarai», and «The Gypsies». They were inspired by Byron’s poetry.
In 1823 Pushkin began writing his masterpiece «Eugene Onegm», a novel in verse. «Eugene Onegin» became the linguistic and literary standard. It is a commentary on the life of the early 19th century Russia. It is noted for brilliant verse.
He also wrote other long poems, including «Bronze Horseman» (1833), the finest collection of lyrics in Russian literature.
Pushkin created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose. «Little Tragedies» and «The Stone Guest» are among the best works in the world history of drama. Pushkin’s love to Russia’s past resulted in his historical drama, «Boris Godunov» (1825). «Tales of the Late I. P. Belkin», «Dubrovsky», «The Captain’s Daughter» are the most important of his prose works. Pushkin’s use of Russian influenced the language of great Russian writers Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy.
Pushkin’s early death shocked the country. Pushkin, called by many «the sun of Russian literature», belongs among the foremost poets and writers of the world.
Topical Vocabulary
Биография известного человека из моей страны
Biography of a famous person from my country
Alexander Pushkin is a 19th-century Russian poet, novelist, dramatist, short-story and fairy-tale writer. We also know him as the founder of modern Russian literature. Some of Pushkin’s notable works (romantic poems ‘Ruslan and Ludmila’ and ‘Eugene Onegin’ and a drama ‘Boris Godunov’) have been adapted into operas by several Russian composers.
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was born on May 26, 1799, in Moscow. He was brought up by his old nanny, Arina Rodionovna and his grandmother. Pushkin grew up listening to Russian folktales narrated by the nanny. The boy loved reading and spent a lot of time in his father’s library. He composed around 130 poems while he was still in school.
The poet supported social reformation and his political verses and epigrams infuriated the government. As a result, in 1820 Pushkin was exiled to the Caucasus and later to Crimea. His exile lasted for about 6 years.
In 1828 the poet met his future wife Natalia Goncharova. They had four children: Maria, Alexander, Grigory, and Natalia.
Pushkin spent the autumn of 1830 at his family estate, Boldino, and that period was the most remarkable in his artistic career. He wrote four tragedies there: “The Covetous Knight”, “ Mozart and Salieri”, “The Stone Guest”, and “Feast in Time of the Plague”. During his last years of life Pushkin created the most important of his prose works: the historical novel “The Captain’s Daughter” and the unfinished novel “Dubrovsky”.
On January 26, 1837, Pushkin challenged one of his wife’s admirers, Georges d’Anthès, to a duel. The fight was held the following day at the Black River. D’Anthès fired first and Pushkin was mortally wounded. It was the greatest tragedy for Russia.
Александр Пушкин – русский поэт, писатель-романист, драматург, автор коротких рассказов и сказок 19-го века. Мы также знаем его, как основоположника современной русской литературы. По некоторым известным пушкинским произведениям (романтическим поэмам «Руслан и Людмила» и «Евгений Онегин», а также драме «Борис Годунов») русскими композиторами были созданы оперы.
Александр Сергеевич Пушкин родился 26 мая 1799 года в городе Москва. Его воспитывали старенькая няня Арина Родионовна и бабушка. Пушкин рос, слушая нянины русские народные сказки. Мальчик очень любил читать и проводил много времени в библиотеке отца. Он сочинил около 130 стихотворений, будучи еще школьником.
Поэт поддерживал социальные реформы, и его политические стихи и эпиграммы приводили правительство в ярость. В результате в 1820 году Пушкин был сослан на Кавказ, а затем в Крым. Его ссылка продолжалась около 6 лет.
В 1828 году поэт познакомился со своей будущей супругой Натальей Гончаровой. У них родились 4 детей: Мария, Александр, Григорий и Наталья.
Осень 1830 года Пушкин провел в семейном поместье Болдино, и этот период стал наиболее значимым в его творческой карьере. Там он написал 4 трагедии: «Скупой рыцарь», «Моцарт и Сальери», «Каменный гость» и «Пир во время чумы». В последние годы своей жизни Пушкин создал свои самые важные произведения в прозе: исторический роман «Капитанская дочка» и незавершенный роман «Дубровский».
26 января 1837 года Пушкин вызвал на дуэль одного из поклонников своей супруги, Жоржа Дантеса. Борьба состоялась на следующий день, на Черной речке. Дантес выстрелил первым и смертельно ранил Пушкина. Это была величайшая трагедия для России.
Учебник Spotlight 6. Student’s Book. Spotlight on Russia-9
Britain has Shakespeare, Germany has Goethe and Russia has Alexander Pushkin. He was a brilliant poet and writer, and a favourite with all Russian literature fans. — В Британии есть Шекспир, в Германии — Гёте, а в России есть Александр Пушкин. Он был блестящим поэтом и писателем, и его произведения любят все русские люди.
Spotlight on Russia finds out more about this famous Russian writer. — Spotlight on Russia узнает об известном русском писателе.
Alexander Pushkin was bom in Moscow on 6th June 1799. From a young age his nurse taught him all about Russian folktales and traditions. Alexander wasn’t a good student, but he loved to read and spent many hours in his father’s library. He wrote his first poem at the age of 8 and published his first poem at 15.
His work was very different from the other writers at the time and this often got him into trouble with the Tsar and the government. For example, one of his most famous plays Boris Godunov was only published years after he wrote it for political reasons.
After marrying a beautiful young girl called Natalya Goncharova in 1831 he continued to write. Millions of people consider his novel, Eugeny Onegin, his poem, The Bronze Horseman and his drama, The Stone Guest, to be masterpieces.
Alexander Pushkin was only 37 when he died. He played a great part in «The Golden Age of Russian Literature». He’s Russia’s greatest poet and national pride.
Александр Пушкин родился в Москве 6 июня 1799 года. С ранних лет его няня рассказывала ему все о русских сказках и традициях. Александр не был хорошим учеником, но он любил читать и проводил много часов в библиотеке своего отца. Он написал свою первую поэму в возрасте восьми лет, а опубликовал свою первую поэму в 15 лет.
Его работы сильно отличалась от работ других писателей того времени и это часто приводило к проблемам с царем и правительством. Например, одна из его знаменитых пьес Борис Годунов вышла только через годы после того, как была написана, по политическим причинам.
После его женитьбы на молодой девушке Наталье Гончаровой в 1831 году он продолжал писать. Миллионы его людей считают шедеврами его новеллу Евгений Онегин, его поэму Медный всадник и его драму Каменный гость.
Александру Пушкину было всего 37 лет, когда он умер. Он сыграл большую роль в становлении золотого века русской литературы. Он великий русский поэт и национальная гордость России.
What’s your favourite Pushkin’s poem? What facts from Pushkin’s biography do you remember? — Какое твое любимое стихотворение Пушкина? Какие факты из биографии Пушкина ты помнишь?
When we talk about Pushkin, we recall his famous works «Eugene Onegin», «Boris Godunov», «The Bronze Horseman», «Queen of Spades», which brought him fame and the title of the greatest Russian poet. However, I think we unfairly forget Pushkin’s poems written for children. In fact, thy are the children’s stories that are read and loved by absolutely all Russian people. When we’re asked to read something from Pushkin’s poems, the first thing we usually remember is «On seashore far a green oak towers, and to it with a gold chain bound» from the poem «Ruslan and Lyudmila», or «Three fair maidens, late one night, sat and spun by candlelight» from the Tale of Tsar Saltan, or «There once lived an old man and his good-wife on the shore of the deep blue sea» from the Tale of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish… I think we all know Pushkin’s fairy tales like «The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda», «The Tale of the Dead Princess and Seven Knights», «The Tale of the Golden Cock», because hundreds of times we read them as children. These fairy tales are my favorite of Pushkin’s poems.
Когда мы говорим о Пушкине, мы вспоминаем его знаменитые произведения «Евгений Онегин», «Борис Годунов», «Медный всадник», «Пиковая дама», которые принесли ему известность и звание величайшего русского поэта. Однако, я считаю, что мы незаслуженно забываем поэмы Пушкина, написанные для детей. А ведь на самом деле именно детские сказки читают и любят абсолютно все русские люди. Когда нас просят прочитать что-нибудь из поэм Пушкина, первое, что мы обычно вспоминаем: «У Лукоморья дуб зеленый, златая цепь на дубе том…» из поэмы «Руслан и Людмила», или «Три девицы под окном пряли поздно вечерком» из Сказки о Царе Салтане, или «Жил старик со своею старухою у самого синего моря» из Сказки о рыбаке и рыбке… Я думаю, мы все чуть ли не дословно знаем такие сказки Пушкина как «Сказка о попе и о работнике его Балде», «Сказка о мёртвой царевне и о семи богатырях», «Сказка о золотом петушке», потому что сотни раз читали их в детстве. Эти сказки и есть мои самые любимые из поэм Пушкина.
Комментарий: факты из биографии Пушкина вы можете взять из следующего задания.
Make a timeline about Pushkin’s life. Add more facts about him. Use it to talk to the class about him. — Составьте биографию Пушкина. Добавьте дополнительные факты о нем. Используйте ее при обсуждении в классе.
Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799. He wrote his first poem when he was 8 years old and he published his first poem when he was 15 years old. In 1817, he graduated from the Imperial Lyceum. From 1820 to 1826 he was exiled from the capital cities of Russia for political reasons. In 1831, he married Natalya Goncharova. In 1833, he published his novel Eugene Onegin and wrote the poem The Bronze Horseman. He died in 1837 in a duel to defend his wife’s honour. He was only 37 years old at the time.
Александр Пушкин родился в Москве в 1799 году. Он написал свою первую поэму, когда ему было 8 лет, и опубликовал свою первую поэму в 15 лет. В 1817 году он окончил Императорский Лицей. С 1820 по 1826 год находился в ссылке по политическим причинам. В 1831 году он женился на Наталье Гончаровой. В 1833 году он выпустил свою новеллу Евгений Онегин и написал поэму Медный Всадник. Он умер в 1837 году на дуэли, защищая честь своей супруги.
Write a quiz for your classmates about Pushkin’s life and work and send it for our website. — Составьте викторину о жизни Пушкине для своих одноклассников и отправьте ее на наш вебсайт.
Spotlight on Russia is having a poetry competition for all the young writers out there. Send us a poem about your life and win the chance to see it in next month’s issue!! — Spotlight on Russia проводит конкурс поэтов для молодых писателей. Присылайте нам свои поэмы о своей жизни и получите шанс увидеть их в следующем выпуске журнала.